My friend was gifted with a Mid 2010 Macbook Pro. I’m helping him with the installation of an SSD/RAM, as he is returning the original hard drive to the previous owner. My question is this: can I install the SSD without cloning another hard drive? Just pop it in and boom, ready to go?
You can install the SSD and “boom” laptop with a blank hard drive. The OS installation would then need to happen before there was much in the way of “ready to go.”
You will need to install a new copy of the Mac OS onto that drive. You can make a bootable USB drive following the instructions in this link. These instructions look reasonable, but I have not tested them.